You can pass a variable by reference.
None.
<?php
$a = [];
$a['name'] = 'apple';
$b =& $a['name'];
echo "$b / ";
$b = 'banana';
echo $a['name'];
function assign(&$to, $str) { // $to is a reference variable
$to = $str;
}
assign($a['name'], 'lemon');
echo " / $b";
apple / banana / lemon